Zenit-2 Kliper

11K77 Kliper

Mission Profile

The Zenit-2 Kliper (11K77 Kliper) was a proposed two-stage Ukrainian-Russian launch vehicle concept in the Zenit family, a variant of the Zenit-2 studied as a potential launcher for the Kliper crewed spacecraft. Standing 57 m tall with a 3.9 m core diameter and a projected liftoff mass of 462.2 tonnes, it would have generated 7,550 kN of liftoff thrust. Conceived around 2006, the Zenit-2 Kliper concept was abandoned when the Kliper spacecraft programme was cancelled.